Gas-engine



M. H. RICHARDSON GAS ENGINE- APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I5, 1919 Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l- Myra 7 Richards m 7 M. H. RICHARDSON. GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-15,1919.

, 1 ,360,3 1 6. Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- 24 k M J? /WW)% UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MYRON I-I. RICHARDSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

GAS-ENGINE.

To, all w 110% it may concern.

Be it known that I, MYRoN H. RICHARD- soN a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to gas engines and has for one of its objects the provision of a simple and efficient gas or internal combustion engine in which air is used to scavenge the engine before fuel is admitted to the cylinder thereof.

A further object is the provision of an engine having a cylinder with two bores of different sizes and pistons in the cylinder arranged to cause maximum compression in the smaller bore of the cylinder.

A still further object is the provision of a gas en ine. in which ignition takes place when the crank pin in one of the cylinders is well over the center so as to produce the explosion at a time when such explosion exerts great leverage on the crank pin.

Other objects will appear hereinafter.

An embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. forming a part of this specification, and in which-- Figure 1 is a side view of an engine embodying my invention; and

Fig. 2 is a central'vertical section of the same.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, I have indicated a cylinder 5 having a bore 6 at its lower end and a bore 7 at its upper end, the bore 6 being considerably smaller in cross-section than the bore 7. In practice I have found that the engine works very advantageously when the cross-area of bore 7 is substantially twice that of bore 6. The cylinder 5 is provided with a jacket 8 inclosing a cooling fluid chamber 9 between said cylinder and jacket.

At the lower end of cylinder 5 is a crank case 10 in which is journaled a crank shaft 11. The crank shaft 11 may be made in any desirable 'manner. The form shown comprises two small shafts with two disks 12 connected by a wrist pin 13.

In bore 6 is a piston 14 connected to the crank pin 13 by a connecting rod 15. The upper bore 7 is provided with a piston 16 and the piston is connected to a plston rod 17 which extends out through the top of cylinder 5 and connected wlth a yoke 18.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 30, 1920.

Application fil ed September 15, 1319. Serial No. 323,947.

The yoke 18 is connected to two sliding members or rods 19 which are mounted in bearings 20 on the outer side of the cylinder 5. The rods 19 have heads 21 secured there to and the heads are connected by means of cranks 22 with wrist pins 23 on fly wheels 24. Said fly wheels are fixed on the crank shaft 11. The yoke 18 is preferably adj ustable both on rods 19 and piston rod 17 by means of nuts 25. The adjustment may be dispensed with when so desired, or the piston 16 may be connected to the crank pins 23 in any other desirable manner.

The crank pin 13 is preferably set to operate the piston 14 slightly ahead of the p ston 15 in their cycles of movement. I have found that piston 14 operates very nicely when set at from 20 to 25 ahead of piston 16, although this may be changed to suit different requirements. With the arrangement it will be apparent that pistons 14 and 16 move toward each other to effect compression and move away from eachother in their working strokes, the explosion occurring between the pistons and; forcing them apart. By setting crank pin 13 slightly ahead of crank pin 23, piston 1 1 will reach the upper end of its stroke before piston 16 reaches the lower end of its stroke, so that when piston 16 moves on to the end of its stroke, the piston 14 has moved downwardly away from the end of its stroke. This causes maximum compression in the upper end of the smaller bore. places crank pin 13 beyond its dead center so that when the explosion occurs this crank pin is at a position where great leverage is obtained on the crank pin. The parts in Fig. 2 indicate substantially their positions when the explosion occurs and it will be apparent that crank pin 23 is substantially on its dead center and crank pin 13 considerably 01f its dead center so that piston 16 will afford ample resistance to give an impulse to piston 14, and the crank pin 13 is in such a position to give maximum power to the stroke. As soon as the explosion has occurred and piston 16 begins to move upwardly, the expansion of the gases in the cylinder will press the pistons apart, thereby obtaining power from both of the pistons to turn the crank shaft.

As thepiston 14 moves downwardly, it compresses air in the crank case 10, and when the piston has moved to the bottom of its stroke,-v this compressed air will pass up This also through passage 26 into bore 6 above the piston 14. The piston 16 will also have moved to the upper end of its stroke uncovering exhaust port 27 and the sizes and arrangement of the port 27 and port at the end of passage "26 is such that piston 16 Will uncover port 27 a short time before the port at the end of passage 26 is uncovered. This permits the burnt gases in the cylinder to partly pass out port 27 to relieve internal pressure on the cylinder and then the compressed air in the crank case will pass through passage 26 and scavenge the cylinder. The fuel intake port 28 is positioned at a place where the fuel can be fed to the cylinder after the air intake port "26 and the exhaust port 27 have been closed.

The fuel is drawn in through a pipe '39 from any suitable carbureting means. not shown, into bore 7 above piston 16. and the upward movement of piston l6 compresses the fuel and forces it out through passage 30 under a spring-pressed valve ll into a chamber 32 to be drawn back into the cylinder when needed. The fuel intake port 28 is controlled by a valve 33 which is opened by the engine after the exhaust port and air intake port have been closed. Any suitable means may be supplied for opening valve 33. I have indicated a collar 34 with a projection 35 on it adapted to engage the end of a lever 36 which is fixed on a shaft 37. Also fixed 0n the shaft 37 is an arm 38 which engages a nut 39 on the stem of valve 33. The arrangement is such that upon downward movement of rods 19 projection 35 engages the end of lever 36 and oscillates the shaft 37 and arm 38 to open the valve 153 to admit fuel under pressure to the cylinder. The chamber 32 is made of a size to hold the fuel at desirable pressures. The pistons 14 and 16 will have begun their compression strokes when valve 33 is opened to admit fuel and it is desired to have the fuel at such a pressure that the fuel will be easily passed into the cylinder against the pressure of the air in the cylinder when the fuel is admitted.

Air is admitted to the crank case 10 by a spring-pressed valve l0 so that upward movement of the piston 14. draws in air to be compressed on the downward stroke of said piston.

The pistons 14 and 16 are preferably providedwith compression rings 41 of any desirable form. Also. any desirable number of these rings may be provided. The charge is preferably exploded by a spark plug 42 which may be of any usual or desired form. An electric current is supplied to the spark plug by any of the. well-known devices, which are not shown. The piston rod 17 preferal'ilv passes out through a packing gland 43 which may be of any desirable form.

I preferablv provide a valve 44 in the pipe :9 to prevent the piston 16 from forcing the ompressed fuel back through pipe :29. The -.rm :56 is pi'et'erablv provided with a hinge oint +5 so that upward movement of the iro ection $5 will not affect valve 33 and so hilt the lever 36 is in position to be engaged iv said projection 1&5 upon downward niovcnent of said pi-o ection 35.

Thile l have illustrated and described the ireterred form or inv invention. I do not iesire to be limited to the precise details set forth but desire to a vaii myself of such variitions and changes as come within the scope IT the ai) ended claims.

Q claim 2- .ln engine comprising a cylinder havng two aiining pores of different sizes in men communication: a piston in and fitting aicii of said bores: and a connection con- 'iecting the pistons together causing the pistons to move toward each other for compressng :i charge to eif'cct maximum coinprc 1011 of such charge in the smaller bore.

in engine comprising a cylinder hav- Lng iwo aiining pores of different sizes in men commnnicatioii: a piston in and fitting -'2t(li of said bores: and a connection coniecting the pistons together adapted to -ausc inaxinium compression in the smaller ore after the piston in said smaller bore bc- 11115 its movement away from the larger nston.

.in engine omprising a cylinder haviig two aiming )ores of different sizes in men communication: a piston in and fitting -acn of silltl bores: and a connection coniecting the pistons together adapted to cause aid pistons each to move toward the other 'o approximatelv the end of its bore and 'lmttt so that the smaller piston moves a nort distance on its stroke away from the l[ll(l' piston when the larger piston reaches :he end of its :iore adjacent the smaller )Ol'B.

An engine comprising a cylinder havng two aiining pores of different sizes in non communication: a piston in and fitting ach of said bores: a crank shaft having two 'ranks thereon. one crank being disposed a ittle less than l degrees ahead of the other -rank: and a onnection between each rank and one of the pistons. the smaller )iston being connected to the crank which 1s a little less than I80 degrees al ad of the llf-llel' crank.

5. An engine comprising a cylinder havng two alining bores therein with one bore larger than the other and an unobstructed communication between said bores. there being a recess in the lateral wall of the smaller bore adjacent the larger bore: a oiston in and fitting each of said horcs: an iperative connection between said pistons ausing maximum compression of a charge llHl in the smaller cylinder; and a spark plug extending into said recess adapted to fire a charge when the latter is under maximum compression. 1

6. An engine comprising a cylinder having two alining bores therein with one bore larger than the other and an unobstructed communication between said bores; a piston in and fitting each of said boresyand an operative connection between said pistons causing maximum compression of a charge in the smaller bore of the cylinder at the end of the compression stroke of the larger piston.

T. An engine comprising a cylinder having two alining bores therein with one bore larger than the other and an unobstructed communication between said bores, there being an exhaust port and fuel port in the larger bore and an air port in the smaller bore; a piston in and fitting each bore; a connection between the pistons effecting maximum compression in the smaller bore and closing of said exhaust and fuel by the larger piston and closing of the air port by the smaller piston; and a source of fuel under compression connected to the fuel opening.

8. An engine comprising a cylinder having two bores therein, one bore larger than the other and an unobstructed communication between said bores, there being separate air and fuel ports in said cylinder; a reset.-

voir for fuel under pressure communicating with said fuel port; a piston in each of said bores; and a connection between said pistons causing maximum compression of a charge in the smaller bore and causing the larger piston to close the-fuel port after the air port has been closed.

9. An engine comprising a cylinder haV-- ing two alining bores therein with one bore larger than the other and an unobstructed communication between said bores, an exhaust port and a fuel port in the larger bore and an air port in the smaller bore; sources of air and fuel under pressure connected to the air and fuel ports respectively; a piston in each of said bores; the larger piston being adapted to close the exhaust port and fuel port and the smaller piston being adapted to close the air port; a connection between said pistons adapted to time said pistons to effect maximum compression in the smaller bore and to cause the larger piston to close the exhaust port and the smaller piston to close the air port before the 'fuel port is closed; and means operably associated with said connection for obtaining communication between the source of MYRON H. RICHARDSON. 

